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1.
Psicol. pesq ; 8(2): 179-188, dez. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-781294

ABSTRACT

As representações sociais do envelhecimento podem ser diferentes de acordo com a cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as representações do envelhecimento no Brasil e na Itália. Participaram 360 sujeitos distribuídos igualmente entre as nacionalidades, sexo e grupo etário. O questionário apresentou questões fechadas e abertas. Os resultados indicam associação das variáveis sociais (sexo, grupo etário e contexto cultural) com duas representações de envelhecimento: uma, na qual as relações sociais e a atividade completam a ideia de um momento exitoso, em que experiência de vida produziu sabedoria diante da vida, e outra como um processo que, embora traga experiência e sabedoria, resulta em declínio, doenças, inatividade e incapacidades, indicando o fim da vida.


The social representations of aging may differ according to culture. The aim of this study was to compare the representations of aging in Brazil and in Italy. The participants were 360 subjects equally distributed between nationalities, sex and age group. The questionnaire presented closed and open ended questions. The results indicate the association of social variables (sex, age group and cultural context) with two representations of aging: one, where social relations and activity complete the idea of a successful moment in which life experience produced wisdom toward life, and another as a process that, although bring experience and wisdom, results in decline, illness, inactivity and incapacity, indicating the end of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aging
2.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 24(3): 551-560, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-602723

ABSTRACT

In various countries there are studies aimed at characterizing social representations on aging, but little is known about their relations with other representations. The present study proposes to characterize those relations through the notion of representational systems. An exploratory survey has been conducted with 151 Italian undergraduate students. They have completed evocation tasks about seven social objects linked to aging and also rated the distances among them. Distance ratings went through similarity analysis, while a prototypical analysis was carried out for aging and three objects: death, health and family. The results indicate possible content connections among representation elements and suggest a conjunction relationship between aging and family. The notion of representational systems opens possibilities for more refined representational characterizations.


Há pesquisas em diversos países sobre representações sociais sobre envelhecimento, mas pouco se sabe sobre suas relações com outras representações. O presente estudo visa caracterizar essas relações através da noção de sistema representacional. Um levantamento de dados exploratório foi conduzido com 151 universitários italianos que completaram tarefas de evocações sobre sete objetos sociais ligados ao envelhecimento e avaliaram as distâncias entre eles. As avaliações de distância passaram por análise de similitude, enquanto que análises prototípicas foram realizadas para envelhecimento e três objetos: morte, saúde e família. Os resultados indicam possíveis conexões de conteúdos entre elementos das representações e sugerem uma relação de conjunção entre envelhecimento e família. A noção de sistemas representacionais abre possibilidades para o refinamento de caracterizações representacionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Aging/psychology , Social Perception , Universities , Students
3.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 42(3): 367-380, sep. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637106

ABSTRACT

Mainly due to the salience of the world population aging phenomenon, aging and old age are consistently gaining relevance in social life and pointing out to the importance of characterizing the social representations about the topic. After identifying the need of systematic structural research at the level of structural status and basic cognitive scheme activation related to the social representations on aging, two controlled survey studies were conducted to assess the roles of age group and cultural context to differentiate representational structures. Gender was also taken into account. Study 1 had a sample of 80 Italian participants balanced by gender and age group (young and mature). Study 2 had a similar design, comparing the results from the young Italian sample to a group of 40 young Brazilians. Instruments were questionnaires with standard basic cognitive schemes tasks and centrality questionnaires. Log-linear analysis and one-way chi-square tests were employed for data analysis. Results indicated that both, in terms of structural status and scheme activation, the age group and cultural context variables are associated to representational differences, while the role of gender was restricted to peripheral modulations. The study sets foundations for further basic and applied research by providing a baseline structural characterization.


Principalmente debido a la relevancia del fenómeno del envejecimiento de la población mundial, el envejecimiento y la vejez están constantemente ganando relevancia en la vida social y señalando la importancia de caracterizar las representaciones sociales sobre el tema. Tras identificar la necesidad de la investigación estructural sistemática a nivel del estatus estructural y la activación de esquemas cognitivos básicos relacionados con las representaciones sociales sobre el envejecimiento, se llevaron a cabo dos encuestas científicas controladas para evaluar las funciones del grupo de edad y del contexto cultural y para diferenciar las estructuras de representación. También se tuvo en cuenta el género. En el estudio 1 la muestra fué de 80 participantes italianos equilibrada por sexo y grupo etáreo. El estudio 2 tuvo un diseño similar, comparando los resultados de la muestra de jóvenes italianos con un grupo de 40 jóvenes brasileños. Los instrumentos fueron cuestionarios con tareas de esquemas cognitivos básicos estándar y cuestionarios de centralidad. El análisis log-lineal y pruebas de chi cuadrado de una via fueron empleados para el análisis de datos. Los resultados indicaron que tanto en términos del estatus estructural como de la activación de esquemas, el grupo de edad y la variable contexto cultural están asociados a las diferencias en las representaciones, mientras que el papel del género se limita a modulaciones periféricas. El estudio establece las bases para futuras investigaciones básicas y aplicadas, proporcionando una caracterización estructural de base.

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